Sunday, August 31, 2008
Thursday, August 28, 2008
Water Melon Agua Fresca
Ingredients:
1 ripe seedless watermelon, about 6 lbs
Juice from 2 limes
6 tbsp sugar
1/2 cup crushed fresh mint leaves
2 cups cold water
1 lime, sliced
ice cubes to serve
Method:
Slice the watermelon and remove the thick peel/rind. Chop the sliced melon into big pieces. Working in batches, puree the melon in a food processor or blender till smooth. Transfer each batch to a big bowl. After all the melon is pureed, add fresh lime juice, crushed and torn mint leaves and sugar to the pureed mixture. Stir to dissolve completely. Let it sit at room temeperature for 1-3 hours.
let it sit for 2 hours and the flavors developed nicely. Pour the melon mixture through a medium sieve into another bowl/jar and add water, lime slices and ice cubes. Serve and enjoy!
1 ripe seedless watermelon, about 6 lbs
Juice from 2 limes
6 tbsp sugar
1/2 cup crushed fresh mint leaves
2 cups cold water
1 lime, sliced
ice cubes to serve
Method:
Slice the watermelon and remove the thick peel/rind. Chop the sliced melon into big pieces. Working in batches, puree the melon in a food processor or blender till smooth. Transfer each batch to a big bowl. After all the melon is pureed, add fresh lime juice, crushed and torn mint leaves and sugar to the pureed mixture. Stir to dissolve completely. Let it sit at room temeperature for 1-3 hours.
let it sit for 2 hours and the flavors developed nicely. Pour the melon mixture through a medium sieve into another bowl/jar and add water, lime slices and ice cubes. Serve and enjoy!
Wednesday, August 27, 2008
History of Paper
History of Paper
The crisp blank sheet of paper is a thing of beauty and intrigue; it has been a challenge and a tease to artists, designers, writers, adults and children alike for more than two thousand years.
The dictionary definition for paper is: A substance used for writing, printing, drawing, wrapping up parcels, etc., made of compactly interlaced fibres of rags, straw, wood, etc., in a thin sheet.
But paper is so much more. It can be glued, foiled, torn, spent, sold, smoked, worn, eaten, embossed, cut, lasered, stitched, sent, received, lived in, eaten off, read, slept upon, slept under, sailed in, owned, flown, folded, creased, screwed up, varnished, burnt, handmade, machine made, tailor made, drunk from, hung, packed and probably a million other things too!
Its long history is as follows:
BC
2200 - Earliest Egyptian documents on papyrus; a paper like material
1400 - 1300 Bones used as a writing material in China
400 - 300 Silk used as a writing material
AD
105 - Ts'ai Lun announces the invention of paper making in China
264 - Earliest clearly dated paper discovered to date
300 - Chinese records show paper to be universally accepted as a substitute for bamboo, wood and silk writing material
610 - Papermaking introduced into Japan from China
700 - Sizing first appeared
793 - First paper made in Bagdad
875 - Arab travelers in China report seeing toilet paper
900 - First papermaking in Egypt recorded .The Chinese develop paper money
969 -Earliest mention of playing cards
1035 - A Persian traveller in Cairo mentions use of paper as a wrapping Material Waste paper was reported as being repulped and reused in Japan
1102 - Earliest use of paper in Sicily
1228 - Earliest use of paper in Germany
1282 - Watermarks used in Europe for the first time
1285 - Earliest use of a Fleur-de-lis watermark
1293 - First paper mill in Bologna, Italy
1309 - First use of paper in England
1337 - Earliest use of animal glue (gelatine) as a sizing agent in Europe
1348 - Probable earliest mill in France
1390 - First mill in Germany founded on 24th June of this year
1420 - Paper making introduced into India
1465 - Earliest mention of blotting paper in the English language
1468 - First printed book on paper in England
1470 - German Printer Peter Schoffer produced a poster for a book shop - thought to be the earliest printed poster on paper in Europe
1495 - First paper mill in England; John Tate - Hertfordshire
1550 - Wallpaper introduced into Europe from China
1580 - The first ever newspaper to be published by Micael of Isselt in Cologne
1591 - First paper mill in Scotland
1620 - John Taylor rowed down The Thames in a boat made
from brown wrapping paper
1636 - The plague hits England - thought to be brought in on
rags imported by paper makers
1666 - To save linen and cotton for English paper makers, a decree was made prohibiting the burial of the dead in shrouds made from these fibres - only wool was to be used for this purpose
1678 - First paper mill in America
1679 - Invention of the Holland Beater - to speed up the processing of rags
1720 - Wooden glazing rolls invented to give paper a smooth surface
1725 - Portals given exclusive rights to manufacture English bank notes
1733 - First use of China Clay as a filler for paper
1757 - Wove paper used for the first time in European book printing, although it had already been used for years in China prior to its re-discovery
1758 - First forgery of English bank notes
1765 - Jacob Christian Schäffer starts to experiment with various vegetable fibres (including wood) for paper making
1773 - An act was passed decreeing the death penalty for copying or imitating the watermarks used in English bank notes
1780 - Earliest use of steel pens for writing on paper - prior to this only quills had been used
1783 - Joseph Michel Montgolfier invented the first hot air balloon - made from paper
1796 - First English patent process for embossing paper
1797 - First paper machine invented by Nicholas Robert
1800 - The invention of rosin sizing by Illig. Matthias Koops experiments with the use of wood, straw and de-inking paper in Neckinger mill, London
1806 - Fourdriner paper machine invented; the basis for most modern machines today
1809 - Clyinder paper machine invented
1818 - In England, to conserve paper, it was an offense to produce a newspaper exceeding 22 x 32 inches
1824 - First machine for pasting sheets together to cord "cardboard" was invented by Dickinson
1828 - George Dickinson invented the "up and down" shake movement on the wire of a Forudrinier machine and also patented the suction couch roll
1829 - John Dickinson patented the process for running silk or other thread through a length of paper; process still used today in banknotes Montgolfier introduces paper table clothes and paper hangings with embossed designs
1842 - First Christmas card printed in England
1843 - Earliest safety (security) paper produced, and printed both sides with specialist inks
1848 - WH Smith invents, but fails to patent, light and shade watermarks allowing paper makers to produce portraits and pictures as marks in the sheet
1862 - Earliest manufacture of tracing paper as a definite commodity for professional use
1863 - Germans used paper as coffee cups
1869 - Paper coffins manufactured in the US - Although the Persians had been doing this already for hundreds of years
1870 - Earliest use of toilet paper in a roll form; patented in the United States
1877 - A 50 foot chimney was made of paper in Breslau, Prussia.
1878 - Paper used to make a dome for the New York observatory
1883 - A Dresden watchmaker, makes a working watch entirely from Paper
1888 - Conqueror first made in Dover, England. The watermark stated "Conqueror London"
1890 - Wiggins, Teape & Co take ownership of the Conqueror brand
1906 - First paper milk bottles
1907 - Paving bricks made from paper were used in Berlin. Appleton Coated formed in the states
1908 - Paper was used as a fish preservative; Soles caught off Portugal were wrapped in special vegetable
parchment were found to be in a better condition after 16 days, than those packed in ice!
1909 - German engineers design a new material for battleships using a combination of paper and various textile fibres
1911 - A mill to produce only Conqueror was built.A paper machine dedicated only to the production of Conqueror was built.
1913 - A paper canon was manufactured in Germany; intended for situations where steel artillery would be considered impractical
1917 - Paper clothing, shoes and boots developed in Germany
1919 - One metric tonne of blotting paper was used to dry a saturated field to allow a baseball game to go ahead
1923 - First twin-wire Fourdrinier paper machine installed
1934 - Largest sheet of paper ever made by hand was formed in Japan; it measured 200 square inches
1938 - Conqueror celebrates 50 years!
1942 - Paper blankets were introduced in New York city
1953 - Appleton Coated started working with the National Cash Register Co. to develop carbonless copy paper
1957 - Wiggins Teape obtain the licence to produce Carbonless paper for Europe
1962 - A sailing dinghy was made from paper and was impregnated with resin
1963 - Development of the Inverform; a vertical forming style paper machine in Bristol
1979 - Conqueror Laid board and text weights are produced for the first time
1988 - Conqueror celebrates its 100 year birthday and is noted as being a market leader, sold in over 70 countries world wide. It launches a new shade Brilliant White and Laser product
1993 - The brand logo and packaging change including a new watermark showing a horseman alongside the Conqueror name
1997 - Conqueror New Palette launched world wide; a range of colours and shades suitable for the full compliment of writings, text and cover applications
2001 - Conqueror re-launches its identity with a new logo, packaging, products, structure, imagery and watermarks. The brand again proves that it really is the art of communication.
The crisp blank sheet of paper is a thing of beauty and intrigue; it has been a challenge and a tease to artists, designers, writers, adults and children alike for more than two thousand years.
The dictionary definition for paper is: A substance used for writing, printing, drawing, wrapping up parcels, etc., made of compactly interlaced fibres of rags, straw, wood, etc., in a thin sheet.
But paper is so much more. It can be glued, foiled, torn, spent, sold, smoked, worn, eaten, embossed, cut, lasered, stitched, sent, received, lived in, eaten off, read, slept upon, slept under, sailed in, owned, flown, folded, creased, screwed up, varnished, burnt, handmade, machine made, tailor made, drunk from, hung, packed and probably a million other things too!
Its long history is as follows:
BC
2200 - Earliest Egyptian documents on papyrus; a paper like material
1400 - 1300 Bones used as a writing material in China
400 - 300 Silk used as a writing material
AD
105 - Ts'ai Lun announces the invention of paper making in China
264 - Earliest clearly dated paper discovered to date
300 - Chinese records show paper to be universally accepted as a substitute for bamboo, wood and silk writing material
610 - Papermaking introduced into Japan from China
700 - Sizing first appeared
793 - First paper made in Bagdad
875 - Arab travelers in China report seeing toilet paper
900 - First papermaking in Egypt recorded .The Chinese develop paper money
969 -Earliest mention of playing cards
1035 - A Persian traveller in Cairo mentions use of paper as a wrapping Material Waste paper was reported as being repulped and reused in Japan
1102 - Earliest use of paper in Sicily
1228 - Earliest use of paper in Germany
1282 - Watermarks used in Europe for the first time
1285 - Earliest use of a Fleur-de-lis watermark
1293 - First paper mill in Bologna, Italy
1309 - First use of paper in England
1337 - Earliest use of animal glue (gelatine) as a sizing agent in Europe
1348 - Probable earliest mill in France
1390 - First mill in Germany founded on 24th June of this year
1420 - Paper making introduced into India
1465 - Earliest mention of blotting paper in the English language
1468 - First printed book on paper in England
1470 - German Printer Peter Schoffer produced a poster for a book shop - thought to be the earliest printed poster on paper in Europe
1495 - First paper mill in England; John Tate - Hertfordshire
1550 - Wallpaper introduced into Europe from China
1580 - The first ever newspaper to be published by Micael of Isselt in Cologne
1591 - First paper mill in Scotland
1620 - John Taylor rowed down The Thames in a boat made
from brown wrapping paper
1636 - The plague hits England - thought to be brought in on
rags imported by paper makers
1666 - To save linen and cotton for English paper makers, a decree was made prohibiting the burial of the dead in shrouds made from these fibres - only wool was to be used for this purpose
1678 - First paper mill in America
1679 - Invention of the Holland Beater - to speed up the processing of rags
1720 - Wooden glazing rolls invented to give paper a smooth surface
1725 - Portals given exclusive rights to manufacture English bank notes
1733 - First use of China Clay as a filler for paper
1757 - Wove paper used for the first time in European book printing, although it had already been used for years in China prior to its re-discovery
1758 - First forgery of English bank notes
1765 - Jacob Christian Schäffer starts to experiment with various vegetable fibres (including wood) for paper making
1773 - An act was passed decreeing the death penalty for copying or imitating the watermarks used in English bank notes
1780 - Earliest use of steel pens for writing on paper - prior to this only quills had been used
1783 - Joseph Michel Montgolfier invented the first hot air balloon - made from paper
1796 - First English patent process for embossing paper
1797 - First paper machine invented by Nicholas Robert
1800 - The invention of rosin sizing by Illig. Matthias Koops experiments with the use of wood, straw and de-inking paper in Neckinger mill, London
1806 - Fourdriner paper machine invented; the basis for most modern machines today
1809 - Clyinder paper machine invented
1818 - In England, to conserve paper, it was an offense to produce a newspaper exceeding 22 x 32 inches
1824 - First machine for pasting sheets together to cord "cardboard" was invented by Dickinson
1828 - George Dickinson invented the "up and down" shake movement on the wire of a Forudrinier machine and also patented the suction couch roll
1829 - John Dickinson patented the process for running silk or other thread through a length of paper; process still used today in banknotes Montgolfier introduces paper table clothes and paper hangings with embossed designs
1842 - First Christmas card printed in England
1843 - Earliest safety (security) paper produced, and printed both sides with specialist inks
1848 - WH Smith invents, but fails to patent, light and shade watermarks allowing paper makers to produce portraits and pictures as marks in the sheet
1862 - Earliest manufacture of tracing paper as a definite commodity for professional use
1863 - Germans used paper as coffee cups
1869 - Paper coffins manufactured in the US - Although the Persians had been doing this already for hundreds of years
1870 - Earliest use of toilet paper in a roll form; patented in the United States
1877 - A 50 foot chimney was made of paper in Breslau, Prussia.
1878 - Paper used to make a dome for the New York observatory
1883 - A Dresden watchmaker, makes a working watch entirely from Paper
1888 - Conqueror first made in Dover, England. The watermark stated "Conqueror London"
1890 - Wiggins, Teape & Co take ownership of the Conqueror brand
1906 - First paper milk bottles
1907 - Paving bricks made from paper were used in Berlin. Appleton Coated formed in the states
1908 - Paper was used as a fish preservative; Soles caught off Portugal were wrapped in special vegetable
parchment were found to be in a better condition after 16 days, than those packed in ice!
1909 - German engineers design a new material for battleships using a combination of paper and various textile fibres
1911 - A mill to produce only Conqueror was built.A paper machine dedicated only to the production of Conqueror was built.
1913 - A paper canon was manufactured in Germany; intended for situations where steel artillery would be considered impractical
1917 - Paper clothing, shoes and boots developed in Germany
1919 - One metric tonne of blotting paper was used to dry a saturated field to allow a baseball game to go ahead
1923 - First twin-wire Fourdrinier paper machine installed
1934 - Largest sheet of paper ever made by hand was formed in Japan; it measured 200 square inches
1938 - Conqueror celebrates 50 years!
1942 - Paper blankets were introduced in New York city
1953 - Appleton Coated started working with the National Cash Register Co. to develop carbonless copy paper
1957 - Wiggins Teape obtain the licence to produce Carbonless paper for Europe
1962 - A sailing dinghy was made from paper and was impregnated with resin
1963 - Development of the Inverform; a vertical forming style paper machine in Bristol
1979 - Conqueror Laid board and text weights are produced for the first time
1988 - Conqueror celebrates its 100 year birthday and is noted as being a market leader, sold in over 70 countries world wide. It launches a new shade Brilliant White and Laser product
1993 - The brand logo and packaging change including a new watermark showing a horseman alongside the Conqueror name
1997 - Conqueror New Palette launched world wide; a range of colours and shades suitable for the full compliment of writings, text and cover applications
2001 - Conqueror re-launches its identity with a new logo, packaging, products, structure, imagery and watermarks. The brand again proves that it really is the art of communication.
Tuesday, August 26, 2008
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